XPeng's AI humanoid robot IRON (Video: XPeng Motors)
Chinese electric vehicle maker XPeng Motors, headquartered in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, is making a bold push into humanoid robotics, announcing that its advanced robot, IRON, has entered factory training and is targeting mass production in 2026.
During Guangzhou's "12218" Modern Industrial System Research Tour, XPeng Motors provided new insights into IRON, which is designed to closely mimic human form and movement.
What sets it apart is its highly dexterous hands, featuring a 1:1 human-like structure with 22 degrees of freedom. This allows IRON to perform intricate tasks such as grasping objects, sensing weight and texture changes, and executing precision assembly line operations—capabilities that could transform industrial automation.
Already undergoing real-world testing in factories, IRON is expected to take on labor-intensive, high-precision tasks that are traditionally performed by humans.
XPeng Motors claims that by leveraging its expertise in AI-driven automotive manufacturing and an integrated production ecosystem, the company has significantly reduced the development costs and technical risks associated with humanoid robotics. This could give XPeng an edge in the race to commercialize Level 3 (L3) humanoid robots—systems capable of semi-autonomous operation with moderate human oversight.
"Humanoid robots are categorized into five levels based on intelligence," an XPeng Motors spokesperson explained. "XPeng is currently developing an L3 humanoid robot, while most of the industry remains at the L1–L2 stage."
Under this classification, L1 robots require full manual control, while L2 systems offer basic intelligent assistance but still depend heavily on human intervention. L3 represents a major leap forward, incorporating embodied intelligence to handle complex tasks with reduced oversight. L4 robots are designed to self-learn and function with minimal human involvement, while L5 represents full autonomy.
"Walking stability is just the beginning—true innovation lies in dexterous hand operations," the spokesperson added. "Our physical world is built for hands, and a robot's ability to manipulate objects with precision will define its commercial viability. Developing such hands is a major technical challenge that spans multiple disciplines, including sensor technology, material science, and actuation systems."
XPeng Motors sees AI as the key to bridging the gap between mechanical functionality and human-like cognition. The company believes humanoid robotics represents one of the most challenging engineering frontiers, requiring breakthroughs in software, hardware, and AI integration.
The XPeng representative acknowledged that humanoid robotics presents a significantly greater challenge than self-driving cars, as it requires seamless coordination between sensors, control mechanisms, and actuation systems. Nevertheless, the company remains optimistic that its expertise in AI-driven automation will help accelerate the path toward commercial deployment.
Reporter | Liu Xiaodi
Editor | Yuan Zixiang, James, Shenhe
